Example Traditional houses in the Indonesian, Forms and Philosophical Meaning

Illustration of Traditional houses in the Indonesian

Example Traditional houses in the Indonesian, Forms and Philosophical Meaning - Traditional house in Indonesia is a completeness that is used by certain indigenous peoples with the aim of meeting the needs of the board, as well as custom needs in each region. Board needs here is a need for shelter that serves to protect the indigenous peoples in Indonesia from various weather situations and surroundings, while intended to custom needs is the need of indigenous peoples in the primordial values ​​raised in the area where they live.

Custom needs is what will be useful to people's lives primordial to identify themselves and the surrounding environment. With traditional house forms in different Indonesian, could mean that the life of clothing, food, and shelter every community in Indonesia was different. For example, traditional houses in Indonesia are located in coastal areas will differ in form and philosophy with traditional houses in the mountains because of the belief system of the two communities were different.

Coastal communities tend to believe in various myths and legend that derived from the beach (like the myth of Nyi Roro Kidul), while the mountains tend to believe in things that appear supernatural ruler of the mythical mountain or forest (such as a tiger or maung mythical forest guards in tatar Sunda ). Therefore, traditional houses in Indonesia have revealed the function of the inner cultural values, as well as other aspects related to the indigenous culture of a region. For example, Indonesia's traditional houses inhabited by the Sundanese and Javanese have a different structure to the custom home communities in Lombok, Bali, and other coastal areas because these areas are in different areas.

Traditional houses in Indonesia, which is inhabited by the Sundanese people tend to be more closed and insulated when compared with traditional houses inhabited by people of Lombok. This is caused by the weather in the mountains Sunda (Sunda region the majority of the mountains) with hot climates in coastal areas where people live Lombok. In addition, the materials forming custom homes in Indonesia also vary, depending on the nature of materials that can be easily found in the area. There is a majority of the building materials using the rocks, there is also a majority of basic building materials such as wood or bamboo.

Aesthetics in Indonesia Traditional House

In addition to having differences in physical structure or form, traditional houses in Indonesia also have differences in terms of aesthetics and the myth that it carries. For example, the Sundanese community that emphasizes the noble values ​​of womanhood would associate them with the structure of the custom homes that myth that emerges goah aesthetics. Goah aesthetic beauty is not only owned by Indonesia's traditional houses inhabited by the Sundanese, but also have cultural values ​​concerning the properties of womanhood. Goah or kitchen will be placed at the back of the house and the things associated with women, such as cooking equipment, eating utensils, and food ingredients.

This means, the philosophy of traditional houses in Indonesia owned by the Sundanese people regard women as the main subject is obliged and entitled to do and take care of all the affairs of women, and a guy may only occupy the outer side of the house (living room). In this case, the men who have the obligation to make a living so it is placed outside the home or the home front. Another philosophy that we can meet on the aesthetics of traditional houses in Indonesia is a subject that has a right to live and custom homes. At Sundanese , most women are entitled to have a custom home and live in the house. Meanwhile, Minang society places men as the most eligible person owns and occupies their custom home.

Sundanese people justify the term that the men bought (apply) the women while married to Indonesian traditional house in Sundanese inhabited by the party entitled owned by women. Meanwhile, Minang tribal house owned by men because these people believe that the men who purchased (proposed) by the women at the time of marriage. Of both aesthetics custom homes in Indonesia is, we can know that the kinship system of the two regions differ. Sundanese people have a matrilineal kinship system that takes a line descendants of the mother, while the Minang people have a patrilineal kinship system that takes family line of the father.

However, there are aesthetic similarities are almost owned by every custom home in Indonesia, namely physical function not only protects the head of the household alone, but some were descendants or relatives can live together in a traditional house. Traditional houses in Indonesia, mostly occupied by several heads of households who also have family relations. It shows the similarity of the properties owned by the people of Indonesia, namely mutual assistance and together. Will However, the placement of traditional houses in Indonesia can not be arbitrary because there are some customary laws that must be adhered to as part of the primordial values ​​are believed local indigenous community.

As explained earlier, this placement relates with system occupying public confidence in Indonesian traditional house. There is a firm believer that the world is controlled by the values ​​of women, but there is also believed that the power of male energy is stronger than the other energy that is in the earth.  In addition to gender issues, there is also a custom home in Indonesia before the inhabitants, several requirements must also be met to comply with customs regulations. And there is also a customary home can only be used when the traditional procession.

Philosophical diversity in Indonesia Traditional House

Another custom, other home also customary. In addition to having differences in aesthetic, traditional houses in Indonesia also has diverse philosophical value. One is the traditional Javanese house, the house Joglo which has a rectangular shape with four supporting pillars and the floor is flat and wide. Traditional houses in Indonesia, which is occupied by the public Jawa too wider than the traditional houses in other areas because of the famous Javanese palace centric culture in which there are many members of the family (royal) and so we need a large house to accommodate all family members.

In addition, there are also differences between traditional houses in Indonesia that are in mountainous areas or paddy with custom homes that are in beach area. Custom homes located in coastal areas tend to be higher than the existing traditional house in the mountains and paddy. This is done to avoid the brunt of the ocean waves or storm tides when the season arrives. Then, traditional houses in Indonesia that are in areas of high air temperatures tend to be more closed than the traditional houses located in the area of ​​low air temperature. The diversity of traditional houses in Indonesia is not only located at the level of the building, and the building materials used, but also other accessories are attached to the house, such as the shape of the roof, wall hangings, and carvings were made to beautify the fence or door.

Usually, we can also distinguish the custom house in Indonesia from things such as carving typical of each region vary. Jepara carving will vary with Balinese carving because the knowledge and experience of the culture was different. In addition, cultural differences in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam that appear in Indonesian culture also affect the process of creativity in decorating the interior of a traditional house in Indonesia. For example, carving ganesha statue in Bali with carving calligraphy contained in Cirebon area.

Thus, it can be concluded that the things that affect the formation of traditional houses in Indonesia is the cultural, geographical, and cultural influences beyond. Indonesia is a country whose population consists of various ethnic and tribal. This diversity affects the cultural wealth of the Indonesian people. One of them can be seen from the diversity of traditional houses in Indonesia, where each region has a distinct personality and different from one ethnic to other ethnicities.

Differences in characteristics of Indonesian traditional house in the background is basically cultural differences as well as differences in function. In areas that are prone forests or flooded, the house built usually have a characteristic that is above the poles. This is an effort to prevent the entry of wild animals into the house, or also to avoid the danger of floods that hit the region. With this basis, eventually established homes in the area have similar characteristics so that it becomes a unique. Similarly, the other house has a strong family tradition. The houses are located in areas with a character like this, usually characterized by the wide availability of parts as a gathering place.

Traditional House Bali

Traditional houses in Indonesia that still exist are often found in traditional Balinese house. This is because the Balinese have a very high confidence to the culture and customs that apply to the next. That is why, people in the area are still keeping the tradition and preserve it. Moreover, the appeal of the island as a center of world tourism destination, which is still preserved culture is the main attraction for tourists. Including them is to keep the existence of traditional Balinese house.

With this condition, any home building process in Bali must be based on the inherent cultural order. Every establishment of a new building in Bali, must refer to the customary rules applicable in the region. Including them in the process of construction of the house. Bali custom home built by applying the three aspects are taken from scripture philosophy. The third aspect is the aspect pawongan or human occupants of the house, weakening or Neighborhood aspects as well as aspects of the divine aspect parahyangan ie.

These three aspects should be used as a reference and basis construction process in order to create a dynamic and harmonious life. The third aspect is often referred to as the Tri Hita Karana. Another characteristic that can be seen from the custom house in Bali is a knacks that adorn the house. Decorations are usually formed by carved and using a contrasting color, but natural. Many colors usually used are black and white.

For the Balinese, the use of these trinkets is more than just a mere house decoration. Therefore, in the selection of Balinese beliefs color and type of artifacts that symbolize gratitude to God for favors received. In addition, the use of tangible artifacts statue is usually associated with ritual activities are undertaken by the people of Bali. Physically, unique custom homes in Bali is reflected by the existence of a separate small building in a region. From the collection of the small building, surrounded by a fence that encircled the building collection. But with the changing environment, where more and more difficult to find a large area, the system as it is becoming obsolete. Construction of the house was no longer made in an environment and no longer separated.

Traditional Batak house

In indigenous communities, home is not just a shelter alone. For them, the house has a very broad function. Because the house is a means or a symbol of indigenous cultures and the embodiment of the philosophy adopted and apply to a specific area and the tribes living in the area. Similarly, the existing homes in the middle of the Batak indigenous peoples. Batak society, a hallmark of a good home is that the home must have a philosophy of life Batak tribes.

In Toba Batak society, life settlements are usually arranged by banjo pattern. Pattern now is a system that has a territorial arrangement intact and strong community solidarity in matters of its citizens. In Toba Batak society, villages often named with Lumban or huta. At each Lumban, founded two entrances called bahal. Bahal is placed on the north and south of the village. In addition, the stone fence with a height of 2 meters was built around the village. This fence is known as a function piggledy village for defense, because in past wars are still common between villages. In addition at the corner of the fence was set towers surveillance to monitor the position of the enemy or also to conduct the defense of the above.

Huta existence can still be found in some areas that fall into the area of ​​North Tapanuli. It is particularly to be found in the village Tomok, Ambarita, Silaen and Lumban Nabolon Pargasan. Huta the village or at the end serve as a tourist destination for tourists and became the object of considerable interest to visit. Inside the huta, we can see behind the philosophy contained in the layout of the house in that place. every house or called sopo has positioned facing each other with a north and south axis position. Aside from being a place to stay, sopo functioned well for storing food such as rice, maize and several other plantations hasl.

Of this layout can be seen that the Batak people have a high appreciation for nature. They are very important look at the meaning of life, food and shelter as their life support. thus they react in a way to use all those components wisely. There is a uniqueness that is owned by the Batak people. This is especially when they are about to build a house, usually perform some rituals. Among others, by collecting some building materials to be used. The process of collecting building materials is called mangarade.

Some materials commonly collected include pole, or stake tustus, wall or pandingdingan, perhongkom, urur and some other materials. The material organization process done called marsirumpa mutual aid. Marsirumpa itself is a form of cooperation that is done without expecting the entire population of the village. It is a form of solidarity and sense of family that were held by all citizens in the village.

Next, when all the material has been collected, the process of making the house will be left to experts called Pande. This Pande served as designer and to realize the desired development. Of course, this process is based on the desires of the house, where the house would be formed with the model "ho" or "sopo".

In construction, there is unique in the electoral process wood for building. Usually, selected wood is wood that has the loudest voice used for the pole "jabu bona". While the second loudest wooden poles used for "jabu Soding", third tinny as "jabu Suhat" and "slap the plate".

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