In agriculture and animal husbandry, maintenance including one absolute thing to do. Success or failure of a business depends on the success of farm maintenance. Similarly, what happened in the dairy business. Farmers who ignore maintenance, it can be said that 90% of his business will suffer or even to fall. However, if the maintenance is done very well, then the results obtained will be as expected.
According to Ensminger (1969), maintenance of dairy cows in three stages, namely the maintenance of a calf, raising the heifers, and the last one is the maintenance of the mature cows. The third stage has a meaning and purpose of its own and is very important to do. How to perform maintenance on each of the stages will be described in detail in the following description.
Maintenance of the Calf
To produce calves that are strong enough, at least 6 weeks before the cow give birth, breeders must provide nutritious food to the mother who was pregnant. Once the calf is born, breeders must undertake extra care, remember a time when it is most critical to the calf. In the newborn calf, lender-contained mucus in the nose and mouth should be cleaned. Cleanliness of lender-calf mucus of the respiratory system is to enable the calf was going well. Later, the farmers also need to know is about the umbilical cord maintenance calf that had broken. Umbilical cord that had broken calf should be jodium tenctur 30% to avoid intrusion of disease through the umbilical cord.
Normal calves will do walk alone, 30 minutes after birth. In addition, the calf will also naturally seek purting parent for purposes of feeding. However, in some calf trouble finding the nipple parent, breeders should help to find it. The first milk of the mother who just gave birth to a child must be given directly to the given kolestrum the first milk contains antibodies, proteins, and minerals needed by the calf. Normally, a healthy calf takes about 3 days to feed directly on the parent. After 3 days, then the farmer can move the calf to a different parent. For the needs of drinking alone, farmers can provide milk was placed in a bucket or other container.
So, how to teach a calf that has been separated from its mother's to drink? Breeders can teach in the following way. Finger-fed, then let the calf was finger licking. Little by little, already greased fingers before we bring the milk to a milk bucket. After that, the calf will hang his head in the bucket and immediately licking the milk in the bucket. Milk given to calves must be of the new dairy milking. If we give cold milk should first heat the milk until the temperature reaches at least 37 degrees Celsius. The standard amount of milk should be given to children sapai is 80-100% of their body weight. Or every 10 kg of body weight should be given 1 liter of cow's milk per day, provided that no more than 8 liters per day.
After a 2 week old calf breeders should start to train this calf to eat fresh young grass or grass. The bigger the calf's body, the more grass also be given. But remember, before the calf was 6 months, farmers not to graze member of more than 5 kg per day to the calves did not have a pot belly or abdomen grass. By the time he was already reached 3-4 weeks, the calf must be taught to eat with the amount of 0.25 kg of concentrate per day. Growing age, the provision of concentrate must be added. In addition, at the age of 3 weeks, the calf was already should be trained to drink water, so hungry calf can drink without having to wait for delivery of milk in the bucket.
Cattle Maintenance Dara
Growth of heifers is highly dependent on the maintenance and provision of feed. Usually, after the cattle are not given milk again, the cow will graze themselves. Breeders should not allow this to happen because the bovine growth will be disturbed. Up to 15-18 months old cattle farmer should to supply cattle feed requirements optimally. Please note, at 15-18 months old cattle, ranchers can begin marrying these heifers.
Heifers that treatment is not good, in this case the provision of feed is not optimal, it will make the cows had the following things.
Therefore, attention to the growth of heifers should be kept in mind. One can do is make sure kwantity breeders and feed quality heifers are required.
Maintenance Cow Adults
The care must be performed on adult cattle include health care activities, and special care. Health care activities necessary in order to maintain the condition of the cow to keep it in good health. One way that is done in this health care activities include the provision of feed controls. Uncontrolled feeding can cause cows with diarrhea. Then, the special treatment given to adult cattle include cleaning dirt, grime cleaning and nail maintenance. The main purpose of this particular treatment is to keep the cows condition stay healthy and clean so avoid the various attacks of the disease. So, how to care or management of the cows that are lactating?
Routine work on the management of adult cows are lactating (producing milk) are feeding, milking, and more. This work should be done on a regular basis and should not be arbitrary, let alone mutually milker, milk production so stay awake. Before the milking process is done, the cage should be in a clean condition. This is done so that the cow's milk is not contaminated by odors coming from the cage. In general, adult cows will be milked twice a day, but if the product high milk, it can be done three times milking. Cows are producing should always be dried (to be milked out), until at least 1.5 to 2 months before the cows give birth. If this is not done, then the production of cow's milk after childbirth or during subsequent lactation would decrease.
Well, so an explanation of some of the activities that must be performed in the care of good cattle. Each cow care or maintenance should not be underestimated because the success or failure of the cattle business is done depends on the maintenance process. Hopefully useful.
According to Ensminger (1969), maintenance of dairy cows in three stages, namely the maintenance of a calf, raising the heifers, and the last one is the maintenance of the mature cows. The third stage has a meaning and purpose of its own and is very important to do. How to perform maintenance on each of the stages will be described in detail in the following description.
Maintenance of the Calf
To produce calves that are strong enough, at least 6 weeks before the cow give birth, breeders must provide nutritious food to the mother who was pregnant. Once the calf is born, breeders must undertake extra care, remember a time when it is most critical to the calf. In the newborn calf, lender-contained mucus in the nose and mouth should be cleaned. Cleanliness of lender-calf mucus of the respiratory system is to enable the calf was going well. Later, the farmers also need to know is about the umbilical cord maintenance calf that had broken. Umbilical cord that had broken calf should be jodium tenctur 30% to avoid intrusion of disease through the umbilical cord.
Normal calves will do walk alone, 30 minutes after birth. In addition, the calf will also naturally seek purting parent for purposes of feeding. However, in some calf trouble finding the nipple parent, breeders should help to find it. The first milk of the mother who just gave birth to a child must be given directly to the given kolestrum the first milk contains antibodies, proteins, and minerals needed by the calf. Normally, a healthy calf takes about 3 days to feed directly on the parent. After 3 days, then the farmer can move the calf to a different parent. For the needs of drinking alone, farmers can provide milk was placed in a bucket or other container.
So, how to teach a calf that has been separated from its mother's to drink? Breeders can teach in the following way. Finger-fed, then let the calf was finger licking. Little by little, already greased fingers before we bring the milk to a milk bucket. After that, the calf will hang his head in the bucket and immediately licking the milk in the bucket. Milk given to calves must be of the new dairy milking. If we give cold milk should first heat the milk until the temperature reaches at least 37 degrees Celsius. The standard amount of milk should be given to children sapai is 80-100% of their body weight. Or every 10 kg of body weight should be given 1 liter of cow's milk per day, provided that no more than 8 liters per day.
After a 2 week old calf breeders should start to train this calf to eat fresh young grass or grass. The bigger the calf's body, the more grass also be given. But remember, before the calf was 6 months, farmers not to graze member of more than 5 kg per day to the calves did not have a pot belly or abdomen grass. By the time he was already reached 3-4 weeks, the calf must be taught to eat with the amount of 0.25 kg of concentrate per day. Growing age, the provision of concentrate must be added. In addition, at the age of 3 weeks, the calf was already should be trained to drink water, so hungry calf can drink without having to wait for delivery of milk in the bucket.
Cattle Maintenance Dara
Growth of heifers is highly dependent on the maintenance and provision of feed. Usually, after the cattle are not given milk again, the cow will graze themselves. Breeders should not allow this to happen because the bovine growth will be disturbed. Up to 15-18 months old cattle farmer should to supply cattle feed requirements optimally. Please note, at 15-18 months old cattle, ranchers can begin marrying these heifers.
Heifers that treatment is not good, in this case the provision of feed is not optimal, it will make the cows had the following things.
- It is difficult for pregnant if mated.
- Although cattle can be pregnant, then gave birth to the first time the process will be difficult. Successful calf born would normally have a weak condition and the size of his oun not normal.
- In addition, the most concern is the production of milk from the cow will be low and away from the expected.
Therefore, attention to the growth of heifers should be kept in mind. One can do is make sure kwantity breeders and feed quality heifers are required.
Maintenance Cow Adults
The care must be performed on adult cattle include health care activities, and special care. Health care activities necessary in order to maintain the condition of the cow to keep it in good health. One way that is done in this health care activities include the provision of feed controls. Uncontrolled feeding can cause cows with diarrhea. Then, the special treatment given to adult cattle include cleaning dirt, grime cleaning and nail maintenance. The main purpose of this particular treatment is to keep the cows condition stay healthy and clean so avoid the various attacks of the disease. So, how to care or management of the cows that are lactating?
Routine work on the management of adult cows are lactating (producing milk) are feeding, milking, and more. This work should be done on a regular basis and should not be arbitrary, let alone mutually milker, milk production so stay awake. Before the milking process is done, the cage should be in a clean condition. This is done so that the cow's milk is not contaminated by odors coming from the cage. In general, adult cows will be milked twice a day, but if the product high milk, it can be done three times milking. Cows are producing should always be dried (to be milked out), until at least 1.5 to 2 months before the cows give birth. If this is not done, then the production of cow's milk after childbirth or during subsequent lactation would decrease.
Well, so an explanation of some of the activities that must be performed in the care of good cattle. Each cow care or maintenance should not be underestimated because the success or failure of the cattle business is done depends on the maintenance process. Hopefully useful.
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