Potential Social and Economic of Coconut

Coconut is one of the important commodities in the economy in Indonesia. Can be ascertained, all the oil has economic value and social value is very high. If the coconut crop is managed in an environmentally friendly agro-minded, of course, is the potential to increase farmers' income and welfare, as well as local and state revenues. The statement was not just a mere puff. If there are any who doubt that statement should you read this article. Because in this article, the author will review what kind of social and economic potential of oil crops for farmers and for society at large. You curious? Consider the following description.

Social potential Coconut

As we know, coconut is one of the versatile plant or tree of life. Each piece of coconut can be used for a variety of human needs. Social value of oil has an important role in world health. Some of the benefits of coconut for Health Care, including the following.

1. Coconut meat

Coconut meat contains a variety of enzymes that are useful for health, especially in the human digestive tract. For example, we take the coconut meat mixed with softened banana and milk. Results is one of the highly nutritious food supplements for children and efficacious drug for patients with gastrointestinal disorders, spastic colon, ulcers, diarrhea, jaundice, and hemorrhoids. Then there are the young coconut meat mixed with coconut water which is a good food for people who are elderly. In addition, chewing a piece of fresh coconut along with a little brown sugar to strengthen gums and prevent tooth pain in children up to a certain age.

Fresh coconut meat is ground, then add one glass of coconut water, sugar, cardamom and a dry sense of efficacious as a remedy in the chest, hiccup, peptic ulcers, and insomnia. In addition, young coconut meat that is made of flour can be used as an important food for people with diabetes. So if you have ulcers and wish a speedy recovery, can be done with young coconut meat paste on the surface of these ulcers.

2. Coconut milk

Coconut milk from young coconuts is one of the valuable food for children who suffer from protein deficiency and vitamin D, as well as patients with abdominal tuberculosis. Also, by drinking a glass of milk in the morning, followed by drinking as much as 25 grams of castor oil proved to be very useful to destroy tapeworms in the abdomen.

3. Coconut Water

Coconut water is sterile water, natural, and contain high levels of potassium and chlorine are very high. Young coconut water is efficacious as a diuretic or useful to expedite expenditure of urine. Young coconut water mixed with milk is very good to eat for children, in there are efficacious to prevent clotting of milk in the stomach, causing nausea, vomiting, constipation, indigestion and prevent illness. Then there is the coconut water mixed with a banana can help overcome the effects of toxins in drugs, sulfa and antibiotic, making the drugs more easily absorbed by the blood. If you are diligent in washing your face with coconut water every day, so acne and black spots on the face will disappear. Another function of coconut water is to prevent the appearance of wrinkles on the face, skin drying and makes it radiant face all day.

Economic potential of Coconut

In addition to potentially beneficial to the health social, coconut also has potential in the economic field that can help meet human needs. Like what he said? Here is the description.

1. Coconut trunks

Palm trunks consist of vascular tissue surrounded by a network parenchime. It is made of coconut wood has high artistic value. An old coconut tree volume average of 0.9 cubic meters of wood can produce 20-30% and 40-60% medium softwood. Palm trunks can be use for firewood because it consists of 50% carbon, 43.2% oxygen, and hydrogen 6.2%, so if used as firewood can generate heat like other wood. In addition, coconut wood is also excellent for charcoal. The harder the wood oil, the better the quality of the charcoal produced. The best part of the stem to the base of the trunk is made of charcoal is that it has a very strong structure. Coconut charcoal can then be used as activated charcoal and charcoal briquettes.

Coconut logs can also be processed into building materials such as blocks or boards, then can be variety of building construction. In addition, coconut wood can also be used to make fences, guard houses and electric poles. In general, the old coconut wood is easier to do than the young. To obtain a smooth coconut wood, required the use of sand paper before lacquered or painted.

2. Flowers and Fruit Coconut

Of the flower stalk can produce sap of coconut palm. Coconut sap taken by intercepted a refreshing and nutritious drink as a medicine. In addition, the sap can also be processed into coconut palm sugar or sugar bowl. Currently palm sugar has become one of the very high export commodity. The structure consists of coconut husk, shell,, coconut meat and coconut water. Leather or fiber heads can be processed into coco fiber (cocofibre), coconut fiber pulp (cocodust), airfilter, matting, rugs, ropes, nets pot, concrete construction, and others. Coconut fiber can also be processed into the planting medium. Processing of coconut fiber will produce fiber for filler materials and the mattresses and car seats, and can be a doormat.

Coconut meat can be made coconut milk, shredded coconut, and oil tick. Coconut milk is widely used as a flavoring ingredient in millions of households cooking has now become a commodity export to Europe, Malaysia, and Singapore. While the dried shredded coconut has become a commodity export to Europe, America, Canada, Japan, and Australia. Not only that, coconut milk can be processed into a variety of refreshing drinks and can also be processed into nata de coco, a kind of fro highly favored by the people of the world.

While shell shell can be processed into coconut shell charcoal, activated charcoal, and mosquito coils. Coconut shell charcoal are needed by the iron foundry industry, shrimp industry, textile industry, activated carbon, and cooking oil industries. Needed to produce 1kg 4 kg of charcoal or coconut shell.

3. Coconut leaves

Coconut leaves are often used by rural communities as the roof of the house, broom stick, woven materials, wrapping up a diamond. Even in eastern Indonesia are predominantly fishermen, dry coconut leaves around the stem leaves are widely used as marine FADs are very useful to facilitate the activity of catching fish, tuna fish, tuna, and reef fish.

4. Coconut roots

Plant roots consist of coconut fibers roots. Combination of the roots of each entry into the soil to suck nutrients. The roots of this palm can be used as medicines and dyes. Well, that's some of the potential social and economic potential of coconut trees. Social and economic potential of any plant oil can be enhanced by strategies of agribusiness and agro-industry activities. For this purpose, presumably it is necessary to develop a package of appropriate processing technology. Thus, the final goal of the cultivation of the crop to increase farmers' income and welfare, community, regional, and state can be achieved.

How to Knowing the Kopyor Coconut Cultivation Techniques ?

One of the very bright prospects for agribusiness is Kopyor coconut cultivation. Currently the demand for palm Kopyor number is very high. Market demand for Kopyor coconut not just come from the domestic market, but from the international market. This fact is not immediately able to increase community interest in coconut cultivation Kopyor. Enormous public interest against the cultivation of this, inevitably requires a broad knowledge of good farming techniques. Well, the elementary that, on this occasion the author will present a discussion of coconut cultivation techniques Kopyor good and profitable. How are the steps?

Consider the following description. Terms of Coconut Growing Kopyor

Plant growth and production of palm Kopyor greatly influenced by growing conditions, especially the climate and soil. How the climate and good soil for the growth and cultivation of coconut Kopyor? Here's his review.

1. Climate Situation

Indonesia's tropical climate has an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and the temperature minimat not less than 20 degrees Celsius. Temperature must be very suitable for oil palm plants that require optimal temperature for growth of around 25 degrees Celsius with fluktuasis temperatures between 6-7 degrees Celsius. The high temperature cause young plants become dry and reduced fruit production. In addition to temperature or air temperature, other climatic elements to consider before making coconut cultivation is the height of land above sea level, rainfall, and sunshine. Coconut plants will produce well in coastal areas to a height of 600-900 meters above sea level. In addition, coconut plantations also requires rainfall between 10.002.250 mm per month with a uniform distribution throughout the year.

2. State Land

Cultivation of the head does not require a special land for oil crops can be grown on different soil types. Palm can be grown on sandy soil to clay, and even can also grow in marshy soil or loose soil up to the mountains. However, the type of soil is considered best for coconut planting medium is the kind of alluvial soil or rather moist clay and sand soil, particularly of latosol.

Preparation of Seed Kopyor Oil

Coconut seedlings for cultivation can be obtained in two ways, namely natural breeding and artificial breeding. Coconut fruit for seed should be taken from the mother plant and the growth of good or excellent health. Terms of both the parent tree is between 20-40 years old, its productivity is high, between 80-100 fruits per tree per year, the trunk sturdy and straight, has a number of bunches of bunches of 12-16, and last, of course must be free of pests and disease.

Seedlings of coconuts which either have a characteristic round shape is somewhat oval, of medium size, heavy weight, water enough fruit, the fruit is ripe or old, the skin smooth, no defect and no disease. Fruit is chosen as the first seed is then stored for approximately one month in room air fresh and dry and protected from rain and hot sun. Selected seeds are then cared for about 4-8 months until the coconut bud and ready to be planted.

Land preparation for Kopyor Coconut Cultivation
Land for oil palm plantation land Kopyor processed by digging as deep as 30 cm until crumbly. The procedure for making the planting hole includes the following steps.

1. Set the first planting hole as far as half the distance from the edge or boundary planting a garden, which is as far as 5 meters if used spacing of 10 x 10 m.
2. Pairs of stakes of bamboo as a features point of the planting hole with a distance between 10 x 10 m.
3. Create a rectangular hole in accordance with the desired hole size, eg size 60 x 60 cm.
4. Dig the soil in the hole as deep as 30 cm, then ground of the dig was appointed to the left of the hole in the morning sunlight.
5. Deepened the hole to reach up to 60 cm in size to 60 x 60 x 60 cm. appointed to the ground the right of dig hole san in the morning sunlight in the afternoon. On laterite soil is heavy you can add a handful of salt into a pit of lime to soften the soil.
6. Drying planting hole for 2-3 weeks for toxic gases in the hole evaporates.
7. Hole filled with manure or compost as much as 30-50 kg of NPK fertilizer and added to 500 grams per hole.
8. Re-enter the soil layer from the bottom of the hole to the place had originally.

After the preparatory process is complete, the next step is to do the planting. Here is a way of planting seeds Kopyor head.

Planting of Kopyor coconut seedlings

In the cultivation of palm Kopyor, time of planting has a relationship with a coconut seedling age and climatic conditions. Before the seed is removed from the nursery to the garden, need to know first age of the seedlings. The transfer can be done when the seedlings are between the ages of 6-7 months and have had three leaves. In order to avoid the death of seedlings due to lack of water, planting should be done in the rainy season. A few days before the seed is planted, the planting hole should be the basis to be friable first, then topsoil mixed with compost, sand, and ashes and then put in a hole 60 cm high. way is to lay the seeds for planting in the middle of the planting hole with the top of the coconut fruit is as deep as 30-40 cm below the soil surface.

After that, the hole in the ground coconut seedlings were closed slowly to strengthen the plants and avoid standing water. Planting on the soil surface resulted in limited growth of stem and roots systems become less good.

Land Use in the Coconut Tree

Land of the coconut tree can be optimally used with various types of crops planted between (intercropping). Land use among coconut trees can increase the output or output and farm diversification. Land use among the palm trees aims to increase farmers' income. Some plants can be planted between among the palm trees, among other food crops such as corn, peanuts, etc.. Can also grow crops such as cloves, coffee, and cocoa. Or it could be planted with spices like cardamom, ginger, and others. Can also be planted with crops of fruit and vegetable crops, such as star fruit, jackfruit, green beans, cucumbers, and so forth.

Maintenance of Coconut

Kopyor coconut cultivation is no different from other crops. Glow in the cultivation of any required maintenance inensif that the results using the earnings did not disappoint. As for some of the maintenance activities performed at the time of cultivation of the crop are as follows.

1. Fencing, especially in areas that get a lot of disturbance from livestock.
2. Watering: during the first 2-3 years should be done so that the system remains strong roots. Irrigation is mainly carried out during the dry season.
3. Mulching ; is closed around the ground near the base of the plant. This was done to dry season so that the soil around the base of the plants remain moist and not hard.
4. Stitching: performed if there is a dead plant. Embroidered plant age should have the same age with the discarded plants.
5. Tilling the soil; made around the plant while doing the weeding, the weeds and planting cover crops such as soybeans ayau peanuts.
6. Fertilization and control of plant pests; done regularly so that the plants free from pests and diseases.

Well, that's the information about the technique or how good Kopyor coconut cultivation. If these steps are done correctly and continuously, then the result of the cultivation of the crop will be maximized. Hope.

How to control Plant Pest and Disease of Coconut

The presence of pests and diseases require special handling because it is harmful to plant coconut Kopyor. Kopyor coconut plants attacked by pests and diseases that normally would have productivity, which in fact rarely attacked oil will not produce fruit for some time. The question then arises, how to control pests and diseases that attack crops of coconut? Here is the description.

Coconut pests in Kopyor Coconut

Koppyor coconut is one of the very profitable agribusiness commodities. The number of market demand for oil each year is always on the increase. Of course, the request must always be balanced by an adequate oil production. However, what if many of the pests of coconut plantations? Obviously the amount of oil production will no longer match market demand, is not it? To avoid this, the coconut farmers Kopyor always have to keep the plants from annoying pests. The following authors will provide reviews of some pests that often attack oil and control the most appropriate way.

1. Coconut beetle pest

Coconut beetle or who has the Latin Oryctes rhinoceros is the enemy of coconut is ranked first, whether viewed from the destructive capabilities, extensive distribution, stability, and the population throughout the year. Coconut beetle breeding grounds, among others, is the material that has been weathered, such as palm trunks, sawdust, rice hulls, waste piles, cow manure, to the other organic materials. With so many media to proliferate, palm weevil larvae will have a good breeding process in a very rotten coconut trunks. Therefore, it is not surprising that later became the enemy of the beetle coconut oil is best because the population is in the palm trunk. Coconut beetle will always try to undermine the coconut trees in order to maintain the population.

In Indonesia, palm weevil pest can cause very serious damage to coconut plantations. Unmitigated, this pest has spread in 18 provinces and caused huge losses. Coconut beetle attack will usually coconut leaf midrib, causing the unopened coconut midrib broken before producing fruit. If this is left unchecked, then the fruit will be reduced. Not only that, the palm beetle pests can also cause young plants to die.

2. Pest Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers or who has the Latin name Sexapa sp. This is a chronic pests that attack a wide range of plants. Properties of locust infestation, widespread attacks seen in recent years in the geographical area is fairly explosive. Who knows how many of the losses of farmers due to locust infestation. In Indonesia, there are at least three species are often attacked Sexapa coconut plantations and other plantations, namely S. nubile, S. cariacea, and S. karnyi. Regional distribution of these three species Sexapa, including North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Maluku and Irian Jaya.

In the locust, and Imago befallen active at night and can damage the leaves, young fruit, and flowers. In fact, if not impossible to very severe attacks will cause any deaths in the coconut, including coconut Kopyor.

3. Pest Artona

Pest Artona know who has the Latin name Artona catoxantha is the main actor that causes tremendous damage to the agriculture and oil palm plantations in Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. Artona pests attacking coconut trees by laying eggs that are very small at the bottom of the leaf surface. After hatching, the caterpillars will eat up Artona child leaves, so that the bite marks are often the point of entry of the fungus disease that can cause the child leaves partially or completely dry. Artona life cycle from egg to caterpillar start usually takes approximately 5-6 weeks.

Artona pests generally characterized by a synchronous generation is not the same for each week. In the first week, there is usually only an egg, two-week emerging young larvae, and in the next weeks before emerging Artona very detrimental to adult stage.

4. Pest Tirathaba rufivena

One of the other pests that attack plants often are Thirathaba Rufivena Kopyor coconut. Larvae of this pest will usually damage the relationship of male and female flowers when the plants are just beginning to bear fruit. Damage to the relationship of male and female flowers will certainly inhibit the growth of fruit and put an end to the emergence of other fruits. Very detrimental.

5. The form of various type of caterpillar pests

Not only attacking cultivated plants, such as mango, orange, and apple, it turns out different types of pests that can attack the caterpillar of coconut. At least there are some types of caterpillars that often attack oil. Here are some of them. Cheromettia sumatrensi. This pest resembles the larval form of gelatin, did not have spikes, small, oval-shaped, and has yellow spots. Regional distribution of caterpillar pests include the island of Sumatra, Java, and Bali.

Pectinarosa Alastor. Larval form of this pest with Cheromettia hampr sumatrensis, which resembles jelly, not prickly, and oval shaped. Tetapai, larvae of this pest with a creamy white patches that melebat brown. Chalcocelis albiguttata. Larvae form resembling jelly, not prickly, somewhat longer than Cheromettia, no yellow spots. Regional distribution of larvae include the island of Java, Sulawesi, and Maluku.

In addition, there are still other types of worms that often interfere with coconut Kopyor, namely Parasa spp., Namely Parasa lepida and Parasa balitkae, as well as pest Thosea monoloncha. Pest-ham mentioned above needs to be done in an integrated manner, ie by overcoming the technical culture, the utilization of natural enemies, orchard sanitation, do tar on the wound of palm plants periodically, pohin burn the dead, and bury the rotten dregs Ampat-minimal deep as 0.5 meters. Moreover, it can also be done by providing feedback sago mixed insecticides.

Diseases of the Coconut Kopyor

In addition to pest attacks, coconut Kopyor also have another enemy no less deadly. This time the enemy is coming from a variety of diseases that attack this plant. Several types of diseases common in this plant, including stem bleeding, foul and fallen fruit buds, and leaf spot

1. Stem Bleeding Disease

This disease is a type of disease caused by fungus Caratocystis paradoxa (Dade) Moreau. Typical symptoms of a reddish-brown discharge from cracks in the trunk. If left unchecked this fluid will dry up and causes decay to most parts of the stem. Control of these diseases can be done by means of tar and applying insecticides on the coconut tree which indicated injury.

2. Tunas and Autumn Fruit Rot

This disease is a type of palm disease caused by Phytopthora palmivora cebdawan (Bult.). Generally this disease on subjugate the young shoots and fruits over the age of 2 months. These symptoms first appear in a pale yellow coconut somewhat biased and eventually break or fall. Then, attack the fruit is characterized by the appearance of small brown spots on the skin of the fruit. Over time, these spots will enlarge so that the fruit will have a miscarriage. To control this desease can be done with the use of healthy seed, dismantle and destroy diseased plants heavy oil.

3. Leaf spotting

The cause of this disease is a fungus Pestalotipsis palmarum. Visible symptoms of the leaf has so many patches are translucent. These patches over time will turn into gray, and gray on the black dot will appear. Heavily infected leaves will die. Control of these diseases can be done by using a healthy seedlings, provision of adequate water, sanitation, gardens, and adequate fertilization.

Well, that's a glance information on the procedures for control of pests and diseases that attack plants Kopyor coconut. May be useful.